A. Pre-conventional Level:

1. blind obedience to power
2. Good not to be punished
3. Avoid punishment
4. Good "to eat more"
5. Parents set rules to obey

Example:" Daddy says it is wrong to speed on the freeway!"

Age: babies & children up to about age 7 - 9:

• Adults: illiterate adults & those not in contact with newspapers & TV
• slaves
• Adults thinking this way end up in prison or dead

The atrocities carried out by soldiers during the holocaust who were simply "carrying out orders" under threat of punishment, illustrate that adults as well as children may function at stage one level.