Indeed medical research now recognizes many previous diseases and disorders as originating in the gastrointestinal tract or GI tract. Wu: gut bacteria causing autimmune arthritis Human frontiers Listen 2011
Tlaskalová: role of gut microbes in diseases 2011
The headquarters of the immune system is the gastrointestinal tract. Since approximately 90% of known pathogens enter the body through the gastrointestinal tract, it makes sense that the vast majority of the immune system would be located here.
It is this kind of information that has excited hundreds of scientists to further
study the many bacteria in the human gut and how these may cause diseases and/or maintain
health. The human gut catalogue is already speeding up the advent of an
emerging medicinal research on the linkages between gut microbes and immunity
and wellbeing. Zimmer: How Microbes Defend us
Bork: Bacterial balance & health
Although the linkage may be an early association it may not identify the cause [
as yet ]. This is the cautionary approach taken by two medical doctors, Upadhyay and Moudgal, in their
limited and incomplete 2012 review of probiotics. Upadhyay: Probiotics review 2012
This opinion is contradicted by Reid and his researchers: "Based upon the evidence to 2003, future advances with single- and
multiple-strain therapies are on the horizon for the management of a number of
debilitating and even fatal conditions." Reid: Probiotic uses in medicine 2003
Likewise, The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World
Health Organization (WHO) have stated that there was adequate scientific evidence
in 2003 to indicate that there is potential for probiotic foods to provide health benefits and that specific strains are safe for human use.
Reid: Probiotic uses in medicine 2003
Besides finding new links between the many microbes in our digestive system and our health, scientists are also finding that many diseases are accompanied by dramatic changes in the makeup of our inner ecosystems.
Besides discovering microbes in the lungs, The Imperial College, London, UK., team also discovered that people with
asthma have a different collection of microbes than healthy people and that obese people also have a different set of species in their guts than people of normal weight.
Zimmer: How Microbes Defend us
Changing the bacteria in obese persons could enhance the growth of good bacteria that normalize body weight.
Why do so many persons feel mystery illnesses or discomfort and just feeling sick?
Much of this mystery appears related to good bacteria not keeping the bad guys in check, thereby causing a weakened immune system! Bacterial imbalance may be caused by many
factors: Levy: Dysbiosis & immune system 2017
Article by Guilliams: Probiotic Use in Clinical Practice 2011 is no longer active
Drug interactions
Gill: Probiotics and human health
Article Ewers: Biik Inflammation is no longer active.
It is apparent from a glance at the above list that many of our behaviors and good intentions disrupt the bacterial balance in the digestive system. Our
lifestyle often compromises our immune system. Article by Mazmanian: symbiosis health and disease is no longer active.
Pearl: immune-dig connection
Article by Ewers: Inflammation is no longer active.
So lets start with the food you eat and try to restore the good and bad guys in the gut and thereby restore at least part of our immune system. Most of us will probably have more control of the internal body ecosystem than our external environment.
Providing nutrition for good bacteria is essential to a healthy digestive system. It is also important for all parts and systems of the body to get the appropriate nutrients like vitamins, minerals, amino acids
[proteins], as well as the carbohydrates and fats that are needed for normal body metabolism. Otherwise the body cannot function as designed and we should recognize this as
disease rather than as nutritional dysfunction; therefore such disease is correctable. Article by Null: Vit D triggers immunity is no longer active.
The body needs ALL essential nutrients [ co-factors ] to be present as a package
to enhance good gastrointestinal tract health. Several of these include much overlooked vitamins A, B-complex, C and D and micro and macro minerals. Vitamin D
and magnesium act as turn on/off switches in many body systems, including DNA-RNA metabolic processes. Article by Null: Vit D triggers immunity is no longer active.
People who love to eat what is referred to as comfort food --- like milk shakes, soft drinks, white breads, white pastas, cookies, sweets, fries and hamburgers, promote the growth of
disease-causing bacteria. Article by Walker: Cure for Crohns Disease is no longer active.
Article by Ewers: Inflammation is no longer active. Then too, the balance of bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract is most commonly
disrupted by antibiotic usage, excessive sugar consumption, stress, exposure to toxic chemicals and drinking chlorinated water.
Researchers also have found that altered levels of acidity and alkalinity in the gastrointestinal tract will change the ecology of the bowel environment, and
thereby affect the type, quantity and behavior of micro organisms found there. For example, a diet consisting chiefly of processed foods can dramatically
alter the vital acid/alkaline balance of the intestinal tract. Such an imbalance can lead to a dramatic overgrowth of unwanted and extremely harmful microorganisms.
Beside eating good food to restore the gut bacteria, we need to drink safe water and avoid exposure to chlorine. Chlorinating water in the water
purification system kills bacteria in the water but the chlorine remains in the drinking water. Drinking home water allows the chlorine to kill good and bad bacteria in the gut. We need to minimize exposure to chlorine by showering and swimming without
contacting chlorine. The implication is that we need to purify water using safer microbial-water treatment processes other than chlorine.
That we should avoid using antibiotics should be obvious by now. Medical doctors should also prescribe probiotics along with the antibiotic for some time afterward to restore the gut flora.
The above discussion about fixing your broken immune system and restoring the
balance of good and bad bacteria is very brief. You can find more information in the references below and on the internet.
Finding documented information about supplemental probiotics is difficult and
often impossible.
Article by Dash: Criteria for Probiotics is no longer active.
Article by Fitzpatrick: probiotic survey Canada is no longer active.
The reasons for this should be obvious. Research about colon bacteria and how the many different species [ genera ] function is in its infancy. Just what is the research link between microbial strains
and affect on the human body? Although scientists have begun to identify the good and bad guys in the GIT, they are at the same time trying to verify the link
between bacteria, disease and health and also determine whether certain bacteria cause a disease [effect]. Research is escalading faster than scientists can present it to the public in words that the public understands.
Consequently, there is very little transparency about probiotics information and comprehensible, documented research that simple folk can use as a guide.
How can there be "real" standards for selecting probiotic products that work when the microbial scientists are in the early stages of unraveling the gut
flora? Yet that is what some marketers selling probiotics, with good intentions, have tried to do.
So it should not be surprising that the astute consumer is bewildered about probiotics. How does one make an informed decision about probiotics when
reference to background information about different microbes is difficult or impossible to find? This is an information vacuum. On the one hand, probiotic
product marketers make unsupported claims about the benefits of probiotics. Many of the products currently on the market are not clearly tied to research documenting beneficial effects.
On the other hand, researchers need to translate technical microbe information into simple easy to understand terms! Just simple words and readily available probiotic
information on the internet would be a help! We also need a probiotic information clearing center!
Many supplements state on the label how many billions of probiotics they contain but actually labels are slightly missing the point. For example, given the right probiotic foods, those bacteria will multiply many times over in just a few days.
Hence, one may not have to continue ingesting probiotic supplements for a month or longer.
Another issue is to provide the variety of species or genera of good bacteria. If you don’t have an ‘original’, you can’t make copies.
But first the most crucial issue is getting these live bacteria past the acid stomach which can kill them off, and into the intestine where they can do their job. This is not as simple as it sounds. Many potential probiotic bacteria are killed off long before they ever reach the large intestine. Indeed, implicit in the definition of a probiotic is that it should be a bacterium from a strain proven to survive transit through the gut and proven to have a beneficial effect in the large intestine, in clinical trials.
Such documented information is lacking in commercials and labels.
In spite of the short-comings about probiotics, most probiotics should be safe to take.
Having a good guide to help you purchase probiotics would be helpful. But even such general guides, like Mercola's website, are difficult to follow and understand.
Article by Dash: Criteria for Probiotics is no longer active. These well intended guides read more like personal opinions than scientific documents.
You may initially feel gassy or bloated when you first start taking
probiotics. This is usually caused by the die-off of harmful bacteria. The
bloating typically goes away after a few days. Drinking enough water, consuming
adequate fiber, a healthy diet and bowel regularity really helps you purge
properly and limit this die-off effect. If bloating and gas continue or are
severe, you may benefit from a colon cleanse. Consult your medical therapist for this help.
Remember, if the probiotic supplement does not contain proper probiotic strains, right potency, right
formula, is not living bacteria and is not acid and bile resistant, it will offer no health benefits.
Once you are eating the right foods it is generally possible to maintain a healthy bacterial balance in your gut without the use of probiotics.
This article summarizes the emerging research about the body connections between
gastrointestinal bacteria and body systems, immunity and how we can stay healthy!
We have known for a long time that we need a strong immune system to have
good health. The real medical revolution happening now is
the awareness that the gastrointestinal tract is the home of the immune system Article by Guilliams: Probiotic Use in Clinical Practice 2011 is no longer active.
and that colon bacteria can prevent illness and diseases. Although scientists have discovered linkages between bacteria and diseases, they are just beginning to determine whether bacteria cause diseases.
Medical science is now in a new research era of investigating the links between bacteria in the gut and diseases, the links between the brain or central nervous system and the digestive, lymphatic and immune
systems. Their findings will change the way medicine is practiced, how psychiatrists will deal with many mental and physical health problems and how we
eat. Article by Cohen:gut check is no longer active.
Reid: Probiotic uses in medicine 2003
Article by Guilliams: Probiotic Use in Clinical Practice 2011 is no longer active.
There is evidence that prescribing the good germs [ probiotics ] and not drugs can help to treat many disorders and prevent diseases. [ This type of unorthodox thinking and therapy may contradict conventional medical practice. ]
Article by Stevenson: antibiotics cause chronic diseases 2011 is no longer active.
A major contradiction to fixing the bacterial balance in the gut are the outdated and irresponsible uses of toxic chemicals in industry, agriculture, public health and health
care fields. A critical example is current use of halogens: chlorine in purifying drinking and swimming water, fluoride in drinking water to prevent
tooth decay and bromide in food pesticides. These halogens destroy our body's ability to use the essential mineral iodine; thereby making us more prone
to being chronically sick. Using these halogens is like continuously shooting oneself in the foot! It keeps us in a perpetual state of really being sick!
This article review brings together much of the on-going research about personal microbiomes. In order for new information about body systems,
immunity and bacteria to be implemented, we need a new revolution in industry, medicine and public health. Out-dated public health practices like
chlorinating drinking water need to be replaced by available technology that does not disrupt iodine utilization. Replacing halogens can become
economical through infrastructure projects like upgrading municipal water treatment plants that replace chlorination with oxygenation or other technology;
and replacing bromides in insecticides. Medical school curricula need to be updated! Practicing doctors need to go
to seminars to update their knowledge skills. The real need is the 'political will' that values human health over making money.
References:
A-gold, "A Gut-Full of Probiotics for Your Neurological Well-Being," The Wiley Life Sciences Blog, December 09, 2011.
Article by A-gold: probiotics is no longer active.
Andrews Ryan, "All About Probiotics," Precision Nutrition, May 3, 2010. Andrews: Probiotic food
Angier Natalie, "Job Description Grows for Our Utility Hormone, The New York Times, May 2, 2011.
Article by Angier: 95% serotonin in gut is no longer active.
Alleyne Richard ,"A probiotic drink a day helps women lose weight after giving birth," The Telegraph, May 08, 2009.
Article by Alleyne: Probiotics help lose weight is no longer active. "Researchers found that women who took the food supplement during and after pregnancy saw a bigger reduction in both their waistline and overall body fat."
Arumugam Manimozhiyan and others, "Enterotypes of the human gut microbiome," Nature May 12,2011, 473,174–180.
Arumugam: gut bacteria
Bentley R., and R Meganathan, "Biosynthesis of vitamin K (menaquinone) in bacteria," Microbiol Rev. September, 1982 ; 46(3): 241–280.
Bentley: Vit K synthesis Bentley: Vit K synthesis pdf format
Berggren A, Lazou Ahrén I, Larsson N, Önning G., "Randomised, double-blind and placebo-controlled study using new probiotic lactobacilli for strengthening the body immune defence against viral infections," Eur J Nutr. 2011 Apr;50(3):203-10.
Berggren: probiotics strengthen immunity
Bork Peer, "Bacterial balance that keeps us healthy," Biology & Nature, March 4, 2010. Bork: Bacterial balance & health
Bravoa Javier A., Paul Forsytheb,c, Marianne V. Chewb, Emily Escaravageb, Hélène M. Savignaca, Timothy G. Dinana, John Bienenstockb, and John F. Cryana, "Ingestion of Lactobacillus strain regulates emotional behavior and central GABA receptor expression in a mouse via the vagus nerve,"
PNAS, August 29, 2011. Eating probiotic bacteria changes behaviour in mice. Bravoa: probiotic bacteria changes behaviour
Brochu, E., “Bacillus in Prophylaxy and Therapeutics," Clinical literature and references, Rosell Institute, Inc., Montreal, Canada.
Brown Harriet, "The Other Brain Also Deals With Many Woes," New York Times, PNAS 2011 108 (38) 16050-16055, October 11, 2011.
Brown: Gershon second brain
Bushman Frederic D., "Penn Study Linking Gut Microbe Type with Diet has
Implications for Fighting GI Disorders," University of Pennsylvania, September
02, 2011. Bushman: bacteria diet
Campbell Barry, Brain-gut axis. Campbell: slides
Castellarin Mauro,René L. Warren,J. Douglas Freeman, Lisa Dreolini, Martin Krzywinski, Jaclyn Strauss, Rebecca Barnes, Peter Watson, Emma Allen-Vercoe, Richard A. Moore1, and Robert A. Holt, "Fusobacterium nucleatum
infection is prevalent in human colorectal carcinoma," Genome Research, October
18, 2011. Castellarin:
Fusobacterium link to colon cancer 2011 "An estimated 15% or more of the cancer burden worldwide is attributable to known infectious agents."
Christensen Margaret, "Understanding Gastrointestinal health - What Are My “Gut Feelings” Telling Me?" Christian Center for Whole
Life Health. Article by Christensen: GI health is no longer active.
Cohen Jon, "The Patient of the Future," Technology Review, March/April 2012. Article by Cohen: SPatient of future 2012 is no longer active.
Internet pioneer Larry Smarr's quest to quantify everything about his health led him to a startling discovery, an unusual partnership with his doctor, and more control over his life. "I have no doubt this is the future of medicine, but I have no idea how to get there from here," says gastroenterologist at UCSD, William Sandborn.
Smarr directs the California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology in La Jolla, Ca.. Article by Smarr: UT Newpaper story is no longer active.
Cohen Sheldon, William J. Doyle, Cuneyt M. Alper, Denise Janicki-Deverts, "Sleep Habits and Susceptibility to the Common Cold," Arch Intern Med. 2009;169(1):62-67. Carnige Mellon University. Cohen: Sleep & colds
Cohen: Sleep & colds
Coleman Claire, "Probiotic beauty: They're the bugs that boost digestion - but can they also clean up your skin?" Mailonline, April 20, 2009. Coleman: Probiotics skin care and Beauty
Probiotic beauty --- clean up your skin? Although as a concept it’s still in the early stages, the idea is that probiotics (beneficial bacteria) and prebiotics (essential fuel for the beneficial bacteria) can help improve the balance of bacteria in your skin, in the same way they are known to improve the balance of bacteria in your digestive system.
Research published in the British Journal of Dermatology suggested that eczema and the associated itching improved after patients were treated with a probiotic cream. And, just this month, the Journal of Dermatological Science devoted coverage to a small study that seemed to show that, using prebiotics, it is possible to reduce the levels of acne-causing bacteria without harming the good bacteria.
Dash S.K., "Selection Criteria for Probiotics," Presented at XXXVII Dairy Industry Conference, February 7-9, 2009, Kala Academy, Panjim, Goa. Article by Dash: Criteria for Probiotics is no longer active.
Dryden Jim, "Diabetes may start in the intestines, research suggests," Journal Cell Host & Microbe, February 15, 2012.
Dryden: diabetes may start in intestines Their research suggests that problems controlling blood sugar — the hallmark of diabetes — may begin in the intestines.
“When people become resistant to insulin, as happens when they gain weight, FAS doesn’t work properly, which causes inflammation that, in turn, can lead to diabetes.” Fatty acid synthase (FAS) in the intestine. FAS, an enzyme crucial for the production of lipids, is regulated by insulin, and people with diabetes have defects in FAS.
Dunn Rob, "Scientists Discover That Antimicrobial Wipes and Soaps May Be Making You (and Society) Sick," Scientific American, July 5, 2011.
Dunn: soap kills good bacteria
"But what do antibiotic wipes and soaps do? Amazingly, no one really knows."
Ewers Keesha, "What Contributes to a “Pro-Inflammatory” Lifestyle?" Fern Life center, January 24th, 2012. Article by Ewers: Inflammation is no longer active.
causes: e.g. 1. High Sugar Foods: You immune system is suppressed for 2-4 hours after ingesting it
Fasano Alessio and Terez Shea-Donohue, " Mechanisms of disease: the role of intestinal barrier function in the pathogenesis of gatrointestinal autoimmune diseases," Nature Clinical Practice Gastroenterology & Hepatology, September 2005, Vol 2, No 9. Article by Fasano intestinal disease is no longer active.
Fitzpatrick K.C., "Probiotics discussion paper." Health Canada, March 2005. Article by Fitzpatrick: probiotic survey Canada is no longer active.
Foster Jane, "'Knowing It In Your Gut' Is Real, Researchers Find," Integral Options cafe, March 28, 2011.
Foster: Real gut
Researchers at McMaster University discovered that the "cross-talk" between bacteria in our gut and our brain plays an important role in the development of psychiatric illness, intestinal diseases and probably other health problems as well including obesity.
"The wave of the future is full of opportunity as we think about how microbiota or bacteria influence the brain and how the bi-directional communication of the body and the brain influence metabolic disorders, such as obesity and diabetes," says Jane Foster, associate professor in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences of the Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine.
Gershon Michael D., The Second Brain. Harper Collins Publishers Inc., N.Y.. 1999. Article by Gershon: The second brain is no longer active.
Gill HS, Guarner F. "Probiotics and human health: a clinical perspective," Postgraduate Medical Journal, 2004;80(947):516–526.
Gill: Probiotics and human health
Guilliams Thomas, "An Emerging Trend of High-Dose Probiotic Use in Clinical Practice," Mirintus, Dec. 15, 2011. Article by Guilliams: Probiotic Use in Clinical Practice 2011 is no longer active.
Giovanni Barbara, Cesare Cremon, Giovanni Carini, Lara Bellacosa, Lisa Zecchi, Roberto De Giorgio, Roberto Corinaldesi, and Vincenzo Stanghellini, "The Immune System in Irritable Bowel Syndrome," J Neurogastroenterol Motil, October 17 2011, (4): 349–359.
Giovanni: Irritable bowl syndrome
Global healing center. "Probiotic Bacteria and Your Health." Article about Probiotic bacteria & your health is no longer active.
Goitrogens: Goitrogenic foods are foods that interfere with iodine absorption. Goitrogens are common in vegetables: cabbage, brussels sprouts, broccoli, and cauliflower. However, warnings that these foods are the cause of hypothyroidism are probably exaggerated. First, the goitrogens are destroyed when these foods are cooked. Goitrogenic Foods to avoid eating
Guarner Francisco, and international review team, "Probiotics and prebiotics," World Gastroenterology Organisation, May 2008. Article by Guarner: International review probiotics 2008 is no longer active.
Gut-brain signaling, The Citizen's Compendium. Gut-brain signalling
Wikipwsia: Gut flora "Most bacteria belong to the genera Bacteroides, Clostridium, Fusobacterium, Eubacterium, Ruminococcus, Peptococcus, Peptostreptococcus, and Bifidobacterium. Other genera, such as Escherichia and Lactobacillus, are present to a lesser extent. Species from the genus Bacteroides
alone constitute about 30% of all bacteria in the gut, suggesting that this genus is especially important in the functioning of the host.
The currently known genera of fungi of the gut flora include Candida, Saccharomyces, Aspergillus, and Penicillium." Wikipedia: Gut flora
Hadhazy Adam, "Think Twice: How the Gut's "Second Brain" Influences Mood and Well-Being," Scientific American, February 12, 2010.
Hadhazy: Gershon GI tract & immunity
"95 percent of the body's serotonin is found in the bowels.
Heather,"Escaping Anergy: The Immunology Research Blog," August 5, 2011.
Article by Heather: immunological research is no longer active.
Hodes Steven, "Why Do We Feel Sick All the Time?" KAJAMA. Article by Hodes: Feel Sick All the Time is no longer active.
Holt Robert, "Two Cancer Studies Find Bacterial Clue in Colon," NY Times, October 17, 2011, authored by GINA KOLATA. Holt: bacteria linked colon cancer
Published:
"Fusobacteria were known before this, of course, but were thought of as microbes that mostly live in the mouth — they are often in plaque and are associated with periodontal disease. But there are also recent reports associating them with ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease."
Hughes D.B., and Hoover D. G., " Biofidobacteria: Their potential for use in American dairy products," Food Technology, April, 1991, 45, 74.
Hurley Dan, "Your Backup Brain," Psychology Today, November 01, 2011 - last reviewed on January 02, 2012.
Hurley: brain2
There's a "second brain" in your stomach. It influences your mood, what you eat, the kinds of diseases you get, as well as the decisions you make. And you thought it was all in your head!
"Immunity Theory, The Immune System and Allergies: The Immune System, its Relation to Digestion and How to Support and Restore it." Amulex. Immune theory & dig system
Jain K.K.,MD, [contributing editor] "Neurogastroenterology - Clinical summary," MedLink Neurology, July 29, 2011.
Article by Jain: Clinical summary is no longer active.
Jockers David, "Melatonin plays an important role in healthy digestive and immune function," Natural News, September 12, 2011.
Jockers: Sleep & immunity
Jones Nicola, "Gut study divides people into three types," Nature, April 20, 2011. Jones: 3 types of gut
Bacterial populations fall into three distinct ecolosystem classes that could help to personalize medicine. Peer Bork, who led the study at EMBL: "our gut flora can settle into three different types of community -- three different ecosystems."
Peer Bork’s group at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory in Germany, discovered that humans can be classified based on three distinct gut microbiomes. The research team analyzed genomic data obtained from human fecal matter (the least invasive (and least glamorous) method to analyze bacteria living in your guts) derived from people living in Denmark, France, Italy, Spain, Japan and the U.S. and discovered that three different clusters could be distinguished such that irregardless of sex, weight, height, age or geographic location, the balance of gut bacteria could be separated into 3 different groups-each differing in the bacterial contents that lived in their gut.
Type 1 = Bacteroides fragilis; type 2 = Preveotella & few Bacteroides; and type
3 = Ruminococcus clostridia [linked to cancer but not causal].
People who were Type 1 had a different balance of gut bacteria than people in Type 2 or 3. Similar to bloodtypes, that is that all people can be classified into one of 4 groups based on if they express A, B, AB or O antigens on their red blood cells, Bork suggests that this new biological classification, enterotypes (named for the collection of bacteria that live in the gut that distinguish the three groups) may be used to better tailor diets, drug regimines and antibiotics for an individual based on his/her microbiome. For example, someone of Enterotype 1 may respond better to particular antibiotics or diets than someone who is Enterotype 2 or 3. However, this is still a hypothesis that requires more research, funding and public interest to better understand the differences between these enterotypes and whether specific enterotypes are found in other highly colonized areas of the body such as the urogenital tract and skin, and importantly: if different microbial environments in our bodies play a role in disease susceptibility or resistance.
Judge Kay, & Maxine Barish-wreden, "Obesity may be gut reaction," Harmful bacteria in intestine linked to many harmful conditions Union-Tribune, San Diego, January 29, 2013.
Article by Judge: gut germs linked to obesity 2013 is no longer active.
Jung Camille, Jean-Pierre Hugot, and Frédérick Barreau, "Peyer's Patches: The Immune Sensors of the Intestine," International Journal of Inflammation Volume 2010, Article ID 823710, 12 pages. July 11, 2010. Jung: Peyer's Patches
Kalliomaki M., Salminen S., Arvilommi H., Kero P., Koskinen P., Isolauri E., "Probiotics in primary prevention of atopic disease: A randomized placebo-controlled trial," The Lancet, April 7, 2001; 357:1076-1079.
Article by Kalliomaki: probiotic help allergy is no longer active.
Kalman Douglas S, Howard I Schwartz, Patricia Alvarez, Samantha Feldman, John C Pezzullo and Diane R Krieger, "A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel-group dual site trial to evaluate the effects of a Bacillus coagulans-based product on functional intestinal gas symptoms," BMC Gastroenterology
November 18, 2009, 9:85. Artile by Kalman: intestinal gas is no longer active.
Conclusion: Bacillus coagulans-based product was effective in improving the quality of life and reducing gastrointestinal symptoms in adults with post prandial intestinal gas-related symptoms and no GI diagnoses.
Studies suggest that the probiotic Bacillus coagulans decreases the symptoms of abdominal pain and bloating in subjects with inflammatory bowel disease .
Kelly GS., "Larch arabinogalactan: clinical relevance of a novel immune-enhancing polysaccharide," Altern Med Rev., April 4, 1999, (2):96-103. Kelly: probiotic preventing cancer
Kiani Leila, "Bugs in Our Guts—Not All Bacteria Are Bad: How Probiotics Keep Us Healthy," ProQuest, September 2006.
Article by Kiani: distribution - health effects microbes in gut is no longer active.
Konturek S.J., j.w. Konturek, T. Pawlik and T. Brzozowki, "Brain-gut axis and its role in the control of food intake," Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 2004, 55, 1, 137-154.
Kotnturek: Brain-Gut axis
Kunst F. and associates, "The complete genome sequence of the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillussubtilis," Scribed, NATURE, November 20, 1997, Vol 390. Kunst: sample of genome sequence 1997
Table 1. Functional classification of the Bacillus subtilisprotein-coding genes. McMillan Publishers Ltd., 1997.
Levy Maaayan, Aleksandra A Kolodziejczyk, Christoph A Thaiss, Eran Elinav, "Dysbiosis and the immune system," Nat Rev Immunol, 2017 Apr;17(4):219-232.
Levy: Dysbiosis & immune system 2017
Manimozhiyan Arumugam, others & Peer Bork, "Enterotypes of the human gut microbiome," Nature June 2011, 473,174–180.
Manimozhiyan-Bork: 3 types bacteria 2011
"we identify three robust clusters (referred to as enterotypes hereafter)"
Market Research, "Boosting immunity through digestion," Market Research.com
Market Research: boosting immunity
Martin Michelle, "Listen now Microbes," BBC radio 4, June 1,2011.
Human frontiers Listen 2011
New research has suggested that pathogenic microbes could be implicated in a whole host of diseases, including obesity, heart disease, cancer, Alzheimer's, arthritis and autism.
""We may find there are new links between the human microbiome and diseases that today we don't think of having any underlying microbial component," says Claire Fraser-Liggett, Director of the Institute for Genome Sciences at the University of Maryland.
The hope is that this research may pave the way for more personalised treatments which could help get our bacterial communities back on the right track.
Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology in Martinsried, Germany, "Natural intestinal flora involved in the emergence of multiple sclerosis," Max-Plank Gesellschaft, October 27, 2011. Max Planck Institute: gut flora & MS "Precisely which bacteria are involved in the emergence of multiple sclerosis remains unclear;
possibly clostridiums."
Mazmanian, SK., et al. “A microbial symbiosis factor prevents intestinal inflammatory disease,” Nature, 2008. 453:620-625.
Mazmanian: microbe symbiosis factor prevents
Mazmanian Sarkis K., "Evolutionary Mechanisms of Host-Bacterial Symbiosis during Health and Disease,"
California Institute of Technology, October 10, 2010. Article by Mazmanian: symbiosis health and disease is no longer active. “The potential of beneficial microbes appears to be limitless” and that “this symbiotic relationship between the human body and microbes [is] a gold mine of potential therapies for a number of illnesses.”
Mercola J., "Beneficial Bacteria (Probiotics) May Halt Allergies In Babies," Mercola.com, April 14 2001
Article by Mercola: Allergies & probiotics is no longer active.
"Researchers in Finland used a type of bacteria found naturally in the gut -- called Lactobacillus GG (Lactobacillus rhamnosus), which is safe at an early age and effective in treatment of allergic inflammation and food allergy -- to try to prevent allergy development in at-risk infants.
Investigators gave a group of pregnant women probiotic capsules every day for a few weeks before their due dates. For 6 months after delivery, women who breast-fed continued on the probiotics, while bottle-fed infants were given the treatment directly. All of the babies were considered to be at high risk of developing allergies because a parent or sibling was affected.
By the age of 2 years, 35% of the children had developed allergic eczema, a condition in which the skin becomes irritated, red and itchy.
But children who had received probiotics were half as likely to develop the skin condition. This cut in eczema risk is the most spectacular, single result to come out of studies on preventing allergic disease. Exactly why friendly gut bacteria might protect against allergies is unclear, but the effect may be an "extension of the hygiene hypothesis."
Article by Kalliomaki: probiotic help allergy is no longer active.
Mercola J., "One Third of Probiotics 'Good Bacteria' Products, Like Acidophilus, Found to be Worthless," Mercola.com, July 11 2001.
Article by Mercola: 13 % good bacteria is no longer active.
Mercola J., "Wall Street Journal Gives BIG Thumbs Up to Good Bacteria," Mercola.com, January 31 2009.
Article by Mercola: immune sys 80% in GI tract is no longer active.
MetaHIT is a EURO funded project with affiliations to International Human Microbiome Consortium (IHMC). Director Dusko.Ehrlich, "Metagenomics of the Human Intestinal Tract," Report August, 2011. Article by MetaHIT Report on intestinal tract is no longer active.
MetaHIT is a project financed by the European Commission under the 7th FP program. The consortium gathers 13 partners from academia and industry, a total of 8 countries. Its total cost has been evaluated at more than 21,2 million € and the funding requested from the European Commission has been set with an upper limit of 11,4 million €. The project will last from January 1, 2008 until June 30, 2012.
Minocha Anil, "Probiotics for Preventive Health," Nutr Clin Pract APRIL-MAY 2009 vol. 24 no. 2 227-241.
Minocha: Probiotics & preventive health
Randomized, double-blind studies have provided evidence of the effectiveness of probiotics for preventing various diarrheal illnesses as well as allergic disorders. Evidence for their efficacy for use in the prevention and treatment of bacterial vaginosis and urinary tract infections is also mounting. In addition, probiotics may be useful for preventing respiratory infections, dental caries, necrotizing enterocolitis, and certain aspects of inflammatory bowel disease. Data also suggest that probiotics may promote good health in day care and work settings, and may enhance growth in healthy as well as ill and malnourished children.
Monastyrsky Konstantin, "Restoring Intestinal Flora," Monastyrsky: restoring good health
“There are over 400 species of bacteria in the colon; bacteria make up 30%–50% of the total dry matter in the feces, or even 75% according to other calculation." Disbacterosis
National Cancer Institute, "Immune system," Article by NCI: immune sys is no longer active.
"New concept in old disease," Article about New concept in old disease is no longer active.
Ng SC, Hart AL, Kamm MA, Stagg AJ, Knight Sc., "Mechanisms of action of probiotics: recent advances," Inflamm Bowel Dis., February 15, 2009,(2):300-10. Ng: probiotic advancements 2009
"In controlled clinical trials probiotic bacteria have demonstrated a benefit in treating gastrointestinal diseases, including infectious diarrhea in children, recurrent Clostridium difficile-induced infection, and some inflammatory bowel diseases. This evidence has led to the proof of principle that probiotic bacteria can be used as a therapeutic strategy to ameliorate human diseases. The precise mechanisms influencing the crosstalk between the microbe and the host remain unclear but there is growing evidence to suggest that the functioning of the immune system at both a systemic and a mucosal level can be modulated by bacteria in the gut."
Null Gary, "Vitamin D is essential for activating immune system function," Gary Null- Your Guide to Natural Health, December 3, 2010.
Article by Null: Vit D triggers immunity 2010 is no longer active.
Park Alice, "A Surprising Link Between Bacteria and Colon Cancer," Time HealthLand, October 18, 2011.
Park: bacteria- cancer link 2011
Pearl Seth, "The digestive immune system connection," Digestive Health Information Center,
Pearl: immune-dig connection
Porter David L., Bruce L. Levine, Michael Kalos, Adam Bagg and Carl H. June, "Chimeric Antigen Receptor–Modified T Cells in Chronic Lymphoid Leukemia," N Engl J Med 2011; 365:725-733, August 25, 2011. Porter: controlling leukemia 2011
Primal Defense: Two of the soil organisms in Primal Defense are Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus lichenformis. In studies conducted in Germany at the University of Berlin’s Max-Volmer Institute, both were shown to inactivate human immunodeficiency, herpes simplex (HSV-1 and HSV-2), simian immunodeficiency, feline calicivirus, murine encephalomyocarditis, and other lipid envelope viruses—along with mycoplasmas, fungi and bacteria. They do so by producing a potent chemical called surfactin, a detergent-like substance that dissolves the lipid membranes of lipid envelope viruses, thereby rendering them completely inactivated.
Probiotics means "for life." The joint Food and agriculture/World Health organization defines probiotics as "live microorganisms which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit to the host." Market Research: boosting immunity
Probiotics are not the same thing as prebiotics -- nondigestible food ingredients that selectively stimulate the growth and/or activity of beneficial microorganisms already in people's colons. When probiotics and prebiotics are mixed together, they form a synbiotic.
"Gut bacteria also:
•help synthesize B and K vitamins
•enhance gastrointestinal motility and function
•enhance digestion and nutrient absorption
•obstruct the growth of “bad bacteria” and other pathogens
•help metabolize other plant compounds/drugs
•produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and polyamines
•produce coagulation and growth factors
•produce cytokines (cell signaling molecules)
•help regulate intestinal mucus secretion and ultilization
•help regulate blood flow to the viscera."
All about probiotics
Proctor LM., "The Human Microbiome Project in 2011 and beyond," Cell Host Microbe. 2011 Oct 20;10(4):287-91.
Proctor: USA Human Microbiome Project 2011 Human frontiers Listen 2011
PT Staff, "Our Second Brain: The Stomach," Psychology Today, May 01, 1999. Pych Today: second brain
States that human stomach has neurotransmitters similar to the brain.
Reid Gregor, Jana Jass, M. Tom Sebulsky, and John K. McCormick, "Potential Uses of Probiotics in Clinical Practice," Clin Microbiol Rev. 2003 October; 16(4): 658–672. Reid: Probiotic uses in medicine 2003
Reinberg Steven, "Stomach Bacteria Might Trigger Rheumatoid Arthritis," Bloomberg Businessweek Executive Health, June 17, 2010.
Article by Reinberg: Rheumatoid Arthritis is no longer active.
Report of a Joint FAO/WHO Expert consultation on evaluation of health and nutritional properties of probiotics in food including powdered milk with live lactic acid bacteria, Cordoba, Argentina, October 1-4, 2001.
Article about Report: evaluation probiotics is no longer active.
Reuter Gerhard, "The Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium Microflora of the Human Intestine: Composition and Succession," Current Issues in Intestinal Microbiology 2001. 2(2): 43-53.
Article by Reuter: Microflora human intestine is no longer active.
Round JL, Lee SM, Li J, Tran G, Jabri B, Chatila TA, & Mazmanian SK., "The Toll-like receptor 2 pathway establishes colonization by a commensal of the human microbiota," Science 2011. Round: microbe clonization 2011 The host immune system, via Toll-like receptor (TLR) recognition, can differentiate pathogenic and commensal bacteria. This landmark article for the first time determines how microorganisms tailor host immune cell activation in order to establish symbiotic colonization of determined niches in the gut in a mutualistic fashion.
Rubin Jordan, "Beyond Probiotics," Article by Rubin: Probiotic healing is no longer active.
Scher, Jose U., Ubeda, Carles, Pillinger, Michael H., Bretz, Walter, Buischi, Yvonne, Rosenthal, Pamela B., et al; Characteristic Oral and Intestinal Microbiota in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): A Trigger for Autoimmunity? [abstract]. Arthritis Rheum 2010;62 Suppl 10 :1390, DOI: 10.1002/art.29156. Article by Scher: RA & microbes is no longer active.
Seattle Cancer Care Alliance (SCCA), "Autoimmune Diseases Facts." Article by
Seattle SCCA: autoimmune diseases is no longer active.
Serotinin & Sunlight: Low exposure to sunlight can deplete serotonin. Serotonin deficiency is related to Seasonal Affective Disorder, which includes feelings of sadness or depression during the winter months or in the evenings. Light plays a crucial role in serotonin production. Sunlight makes serotinin
Smith Michael, “Gerd linked to microbe changes,” Medpage Today, August 04, 2009. Article by Smith: GERD linked to microbe is no longer active. This study found that esophageal disease is associated with large-scale changes in the microbes that colonize the esophagus, although it is not yet clear whether the effect is a cause or an effect of GERD.
The study was supported by the National Cancer Institute, the National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and the Department of Veterans Affairs.
Stevenson Heidi, "New Study Reveals That Antibiotics Damage Our Immune System," GAIA Health, April 24, 2011.
Article by Stevenson: antibiotics cause chronic diseases 2011 is no longer active.
"The study concludes that the use of antibiotics must be causing chronic diseases."
A new California Institute of Technology [Caltech] study has shown that our intestinal bacteria determine which bacteria are beneficial and which are pathogenic. Even more significantly, it is the gut bacteria that trigger an immune response, not the immune system itself. This indicates that science and medicine need to completely rethink the current view of how the immune system operates.
Taylor John R., and Mitchell, Deborah. The Wonder of Probiotics. New York, NY: St. Martin’s Press, 2007.
"recommends a supplement with at least five of twelve particular probiotic species. The first of those is Lactobacillus acidophilus DDS-1, the basis for any probiotic program. The others include Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus plantarum, Bifidobacteria bifidum, Bifidobacteria longum, Bacillus coagulans, Bifidobacteria infantis, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus salviarius, Lactococcus lactis, Enterococcus faecium, and Streptococcus thermophilus."
Teraguchi, S, Ono , J . et al. "Vitamin production by Bifidobacteria originated from human intestine" [Thiamine , riboflavin , pyridoxine , niacin, folacin , vitamin B12, vitamin C] . Nippon Eiyo Shokuryo Gakkaishi [Journal of the Japanese Society of Nutrition and Food Science] 37(2): pp 157-164,1984 (language : Japanese with summary in English) "Research by Japanese scientists has demonstrated that vitamin C is generated from healthy human intestinal flora." Article by Teraguchi: Bifidobacteria makes vitamins is no longer active. Article by Teraguchi: Vit from human bacteria is no longer active.
"Abstract:
Vitamin production by the strains of Bifidobacterium infantis, B. breve, B. bfidum, B. longum and B. adolescentis was studied. They accumulated vitamin B1, B2, B6, B12, C, nicotinic acid, folic acid and biotin intracellulary while they excreted vitamin B6, B12 and folic acid in the medium.
B. longum, B. breve and B. infantis exhibited an appreciable vitamin production. The production of vitamin B2 and B6 by B. longum was outstanding. B. breve and B. infantis respectively produced nicotinic acid and biotin to a higher concentration which was distinctive from the case of the other species.
A significance of the intestinal Bifidobacteria, in vitamin nutrition in the host, was discussed.
Tlaskalová-Hogenová Helena, "Review: The role of gut microbiota (commensal bacteria) and the mucosal barrier in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases and cancer: contribution of germ-free and gnotobiotic animal models of human diseases,"
Cellular & Molecular Immunology, January 2011, 8, 110–120.
Tlaskalová: role of gut microbes in diseases 2011 "Although the most important findings in this fascinating field are still to come, it is clear that our bacterial companions affect our fates more than previously assumed."
UCSD UCSD: lines defense
Upadhyay Nikhil and V. Moudgal, "Probiotics: A Review," February 2012 Journal of clinical outcomes management: JCOM 19(2):76-84
Upadhyay: Probiotics review 2012
Walker Morton, "Jordan Rubin's amazing journey, Cure for Crohn’s Disease, sickness to health,"
Article by Walker: Cure for Crohns Disease is no longer active.
HSO = Homeostatic Soil organisms: These are beneficial microbes found in pristine soils that are as necessary for health.
Homeostatic soil organisms are super probiotics (the opposite of antibiotics). They restore balance to an autointoxicated gastrointestinal tract in a specific manner. Upon being swallowed, the HSOs™ activate and bring about gut restoration by attaching themselves to the intestinal mucosa. On the gut wall they reproduce to form colonies along the course of "receptor sites" which had previously been established by harmful bacteria and other pathological microorganisms. These pathogens are crowded out or eaten up by the probiotics so that symptoms of illness they had been producing tend to terminate eventually. The time factor for symptomatic healing is dependent upon the volume of pathogens lodged at the gut's receptor sites. No matter what the number of bad bacteria or other pathogens, HSOs™ implant themselves and bring about gut restoration.
Wenner Melinda, "Jeremy Nicholson's Gut Instincts: Researching Intestinal Bacteria," Scientific American.com - June 17, 2008
Article by Wenner: researching gut bacteria is no longer active.
"The most well-known disease-causing gut organism is the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, which can trigger peptic ulcer. In the past few years, scientists have linked obesity to the relative abundance of two dominant intestinal bacterial phyla and found that dysfunctional intestinal bacteria are associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, inflammatory bowel disease and some types of cancer. Nicholson even speculates that the organisms could play a role in neurological disorders, such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, Tourette’s syndrome and autism. “We have some evidence now that shows that if you mess around with the gut microbes, you mess around with brain chemistry in major ways,”
Wikipedia, "Bifidobacterium." Wiki: Bifidobacterium Bifidobacteria are able to prevent or alleviate infectious
diarrhea through their effects on the immune system and resistance to colonization by pathogens.
There is some experimental evidence that certain bifidobacteria may actually
protect the host from carcinogenic activity of intestinal flora. Bifidobacteria
may exert protective intestinal actions through various mechanisms, and
represent promising advances in the fields of prophylaxis and therapy.
Bifidobacteria, called probiotics, are a natural part of the bacterial
flora in the human body and have a symbiotic bacteria-host relationship with
humans. B. longum promotes good digestion, boosts the immune system, and
produces lactic and acetic acid that controls intestinal pH. These bacteria also
inhibit the growth of Candida albicans, E. coli, and other bacteria that
have more pathogenic qualities than Bifidobacteria.
Wiki microbes
Species: B. angulatum; B. animalis; B. asteroides; B. bifidum; B. boum; B. breve;
B. catenulatum; B. choerinum; B. coryneforme; B. cuniculi; B. dentium; B.
gallicum; B. gallinarum; B indicum; B. longum; B. magnum; B. merycicum; B.
minimum; B. pseudocatenulatum; B. pseudolongum; B. psychraerophilum; B. pullorum;
B. ruminantium; B. saeculare; B. scardovii; B. simiae; B. subtile; B.
thermacidophilum; B. thermophilum; B. urinalis; B. sp.
Wiki microbes
Wikipedia, Immune system. Wiki: immune system
Wikipedia Wiki: intestinal tract
Wikipedia, "List of human diseases associated with infectious pathogens." Wiki: List human disease
linked pathogens
Wikipedia, "Payer's Patch." Peyer's Patch
Wong, Julia M. W., de Souza, Russell Kendall, Cyril W. C., Emam, Azadeh, Jenkins, David J. A., "Colonic Health: Fermentation and Short Chain Fatty Acids," Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology, March 2006 - Volume 40 - Issue 3 - pp 235-243.
Wong: fatty acids
The rate and amount of SCFA production depends on the species and amounts of
microflora present in the colon, the substrate source and gut transit time.Butyrate has been studied for its role in nourishing the colonic mucosa and in the prevention of cancer of the colon.
Wu Hsin-Jung, Ivaylo I. Ivanov, Jaime Darce, Kimie Hattori, Tatsuichiro Shima, Yoshinori Umesaki, Dan R. Littman, Christophe Benoist, and Diane Mathis, "Gut-residing segmented filamentous bacteria drive autoimmune arthritis via T helper 17 cells," PubMed Central, June 25, 2010 issue of Immunity. Wu: gut bacteria causing autimmune arthritis 2010
Xu J, Mahowald MA, Ley RE, Lozupone CA, Hamady M, et al. , "Evolution of
Symbiotic Bacteria in the Distal Human Intestine," PLOS Biology,
2007, 5(7): e156. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0050156. Xu:
evolution Symbiotic gut Bacteria
Yadav Vijay K, Santhanam Balaji, Padmanaban S Suresh, X Sherry Liu, Xin Lu, Zhishan Li, X Edward Guo, J John Mann, Anil K Balapure, Michael D Gershon, Rudraiah Medhamurthy, Marc Vidal, Gerard Karsenty & Patricia Ducy, "Pharmacological inhibition of gut-derived serotonin synthesis is a potential bone anabolic treatment for osteoporosis," Nature Medicine February 17, 2010, 16,308–312.
Yadav: serotonin link to osteroporosis 2010
Zimmer Carl, "How Microbes Defend and Define Us," New York Times, July 12, 2010.
Zimmer: How Microbes Defend us
"The Imperial College team that discovered microbes in the lungs, for example, also discovered that people with asthma have a different collection of microbes than healthy people. Obese people also have a different set of species in their guts than people of normal weight." and bacteriotherapy or fecal transplantation